For decades, members of the ANC have been raised in a culture of violence. Psychological studies carried out in 2007 among Ugandan refugees by world-reknown psychologists found that those refugees who had been most brutalized and traumatized by that country’s ongoing civil war, showed that the more traumatized people were, the much likely they were to choose violence to solve any conflict-situations. Peaceful solutions are not often found in the vocabulary of violence-traumatized people.